Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Does it sometimes happen to you that you try to explain something in a detailed way to someone, and that person responds with a one-liner that nails the idea? I suck at brevity, so it happens to me a lot.
That’s one reason why I appreciate so much the opportunities to exchange ideas with smart people from lean and agile communities.
The most recent one happened thanks to Chris Matts and his LinkedIn post on agile practices. Now, I’d probably pass on yet another nitpicky argument about what’s agile and what’s not, but if it comes from Chris, you can count on good insight and an unusual vantage point.
Community of Needs
One reason that I’m always interested in Chris’ perspective is that he operates in what he describes as the Community of Needs.
Members of the Communities of Needs operate in the area of “Need” to create a meme and then work with the meme to identify fitness landscapes where it fails, and evolve them accordingly. These communities have problems that need to be solved. They take solutions developed for one context and attempt to implement them in their own context (exaption), and modify (evolve) them as appropriate.
If you dissect that, people in the Community of Needs will:
- Focus on a practical challenge at hand
- Be method/framework-agnostic
- Understand the specifics of their own context and its differences from the original context of a solution
- Seek broad inspirations
- Be crafty with makeshift solutions
The word ‘practitioner’ comes to mind, although it might be overly limiting, as the Community of Needs describes more of an attitude than an exact role one has in a setup.
One might propose ‘thinker’ as the opposite archetype. It would be someone who distills many observations to propose a new method, framework, solution, etc.
Thought Leaders
Let’s change the perspective for a moment. When we look at the most prominent figures in lean & agile (or any other, really) community, who do we see? As a vivid example, consider who authored the most popular methods.
All of them ‘thinkers’ (in Chris’ frame, members of the Community of Solutions), not ‘practitioners.’
Before someone argues that the most popular methods stem from practical experiences, let me ask this:
When was the last time the founding fathers (they’re always fathers, by the way) of agile methods actually managed a team, project, or product? It’s been decades, hasn’t it?
Yet, these are people whom we rely on to invent things. To tell us how our teams and organizations should work. We take recipes they concoct and argue about their purity when anyone questions their value.
I mean, seriously, people are ready to argue that the Scrum guide doesn’t call daily meetings ‘standups,’ as if the name mattered to how dysfunctional so many of these meetings are.
It seems the price to pay for such thought leadership is following rigidity, preceptiveness, and zealotry. Thank you, I’ll pass. It feels better to stay on the sidelines. I will still take all the inspiration I want when I consider it appropriate, but that’s it. It’s not going to become a hammer that makes me perceive every case as a nail.
Where Theory Meets Practice
I admit that I have a very utilitarian approach to all sorts of methods and frameworks. If there’s a general guideline I follow, it’s something like that:
Try things. Keep the ones that work. Drop those that don’t.
Put differently, I just flail around with an intent to do more good than harm.
Over the years, I’ve learned that a by-the-book approach is never an optimal solution. Sure, occasionally, we may consider it an acceptable trade-off. In my book, though, “an acceptable trade-off” doesn’t equal “an optimal choice.”
Almost universally, a better option would be something adjusted to the context. A theory, a set of principles, a method, a framework—each may serve as a great starting point. Yet my local idiosyncrasies matter. They matter a hell lot.
A smart change agent will take these local specifics into account when choosing the starting point, not only when adjusting the methods.
For one of the organizations I worked at, Scrum was not a good starting point. Why? Were their processes so unusual that they wouldn’t broadly fit into the most popular agile method? Or maybe a decision maker was someone from another method camp? Might they be subject to heavy compliance regulations that forced them into a more rigid way of working?
Neither. It’s simply that they had tried Scrum in the past, and they got burned (primarily because they chose poor consultants). The burn was so bad that anything related to Scrum as a label was a no-go. Working on the same principles but under a different banner simply triggered way less resistance.
Local idiosyncrasies all the way. Without understanding a local context, it’s impossible to tell which method might be most useful and how best to approach it.
Portfolio Story
When we operate within the Community of Needs, even when we don’t have a strong signal like the one above, we rarely have a single ready answer.
Consider this example. As a manager responsible for project delivery across the entire project portfolio, I was asked to overcommit. And not just by a bit. While already operating close to our capacity, top leadership expected me to commit to the biggest project in the organization’s history under an already unrealistic deadline.
By the way, show me a method that provides an explicit recipe for dealing with such a challenge.
At its core, it wasn’t even a method problem. It was a people problem. It was about getting through the “but you have to make it work and I don’t care how; it’s your job we pay you for” and starting the conversation about the actual options we had. You might consider it almost a psychological challenge.
My goal was not to educate the organization on portfolio management, but to fix a very tangible issue in (hopefully) a timely manner.
If I had been a Certified Expert of an Agile Method™, I might have known the answer in an instant. Let’s do a beautiful Release Train here, as my handbook tells me so. I bet I’d have a neat Agile Trainwreck™ story to tell.
In the Community of Needs, we acknowledge that we don’t have THE answer and assess options. In this case, I could try Chris Matts’ Capacity Planning, which emerged in an analogous context. I might consider one of Portfolio Kanban visualizations, hoping to refocus the conversation to utilization. Exploiting Johanna Rothman’s rolling wave commitments might help to unravel the actual priorities. Inspiration from Annie Duke’s bets metaphor could be tremendously helpful, too.
Or do a bit of everything and more. Frankly, I couldn’t care less whether I would do that by the book, even if there were a book.
Ultimately, I wasn’t trying to implement a method. I was trying to address a need.
Flailing Around with Intent
It all does sound iffy, doesn’t it?
“You can’t know the answer.”
“You should know all these different things and combine them on the fly.” “Try things until something works.”
Weren’t the methods invented for the sole purpose of telling us how to address such situations?
They might have been. Kinda. The thing is, they respond only to a specific set of contexts. Or rather, they were designed only with particular contexts in mind, and they fit these circumstances well. Everything else? We’re better off treating them as an inspiration, not an instruction.
We’re better off trying stuff, sticking with what works, getting rid of what doesn’t.
As Chris put it:
“Flailing around with intent is the best we can do most of the time when we are trail blazing beyond the edge of the map.”
Chris Matts
So, if you want a neat two-liner to sum up this essay, I won’t come up with anything remotely as good as this one.
The Edges of the Map
We could, of course, discuss the edges of the map. The popularity of a method may suggest its broad applicability. Take Scrum as an example. Since many teams are using Scrum, it must be useful for them, right?
On a very shallow level, sure! Probably. Maybe. However, if something claims to be good at everything, it’s probably good at nothing.
The Scrum Curse
The more ground any given method wants to cover, the less suited it is for any particular set of circumstances.
And if one wants to build a huge certification machine behind a method, it necessarily needs to aim to cover as much ground as possible.
So, what is a charted map for Scrum? Should we consider any context where the method could potentially be applied? If so, the map is huge.
However, if we choose the Community of Needs vantage point, and we seek the most suitable solution for a specific need we face, then the map shrinks rapidly. It will be a rare occurrence indeed when we choose Scrum as the optimal way given the circumstances.
Then, we’re trailblazing beyond the edges of the map more often than we’d think. And flailing around with intent turns into a surprisingly effective tool.
Thank you, Chris Matts and Yves Hanoulle, for the discussion that has influenced this article. I always appreciate your perspectives.


